Friday, November 30, 2007

The Great Battle of Khaibar (The Divine Reward)

According to Abdur-Rahman Ibn Laylah, the following Qur’ainc verse,

” And He rewarded them with a speedy victory, (Al-Fath: 18) “

refers to Khaibar. Some scholars of Siyrah say that the battle of Khaibar in the 6th year Hijra but according the majority of scholars it took place in the 7th year of Hijra.

In Ishaq said when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) marched from Medina to Khaibar he went by way of Isr, and a mosque was built for him there; then by way of Al-Sahbih. Then he went forward with the army until he hatted in a valley called AL-Raji, halting between the men of Khaibar and Ghatafan so as to prevent the latter reinforcing Khaibar, for they were on their side against the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). When Ghatafan heard about the Messenger’s attack on Khaibar they gathered together and marched out to help the Jews against him; but after a day’s journey, hearing a rumor about their property and families, they thought that they had been attacked during their absence, so they went back on their tracks and left they way to Khaibar open to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

In his Sahih, Al_Bukhari narrated the following narration that he shed light on the battle of Khaibar: Suwaid Ibn An-Nu’man narrated that. “I went out on the company of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the year of Khaibar, and when we reached As-Sahaba’ which is the lower part of Khaibar, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) offered the Asr Prayer and then asked the people to called the journey food. Nothing was brought but Sawiq, which the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered to be moistened with water, and then he ate it and we also ate it. Then he got up to offer the Maghrib Prayer. He washed his mouth, and we too washed our mouths, and then he offered the Prayer without repeating his ablution.”

Salama Ubn Al-Akwa narrated that we went out to Khaibar in the company of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). While we were proceeding at night, a man from the group said to ’Amir, “O ‘Amir! Won’t you left us hear your poetry?’ “Amir was a poet, so he got down and started reciting for the People poetry that kept pace with the camels’ footsteps, saying:

“O Allah! Without You we would not have been guided On the right path. Neither would be having given in charity, nor would We have prayed. So please forgive us, what we have committed; Let all of us be sacrificed for Your Cause and sand Sakinah upon us to make our feet firm when we meet our enemy, and If they will call us towards an unjust thing, we will refuse. The infidels have made a hue and cry to ask others’ help against us.”

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) on that, asked, “Who is that (camel0 driver (reciting poetry)?” The people said, He is Amir Ibn Al-Akwa. Then the Prophet said, “May Allah bestow His Mercy on him.” A man amongst the people said, “O Messenger of Allah! Has (martyrdom) been granted to him? Would that you let us enjoy his company longer.” Then we reached and besieged Khaibar until we were afflicted with severe hunger. Then Allah helped the Muslims. In the evening of the day of the conquest of the city, the Muslims made huge fires. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “What are these fires? For cooking what, are you making the fire? “The people replied, ‘for cooking meet.’ He asked, “What kind of meat? “They said, ‘The meat of donkeys.’ the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Throw away the meat and break the pots! “Some man said, “O Allah’s Messenger! Shall we throw away the meat and wash the pots instead?” He said, “(Yes, you can do) that too. “So when the army files were arranged in rows. Amir’s sword was short and he aimed at the leg of a Jew to strike it, but the sharp blade of the sword returned to him and injured his knee, and that caused him to die. When they returned form the battle, Allah’s Messenger saw me in a sad mood. He took my hand and said, “What is bothering you?” I replied, ‘Let my father and mother be sacrificed for you! The people say that the deeds of Amir are lost.’ The Prophet said, “Whoever says this is mistaken, for Amir has got a double reward” and said again, “He (Amir) was persevering struggler in the Cause of Allah and there are few’ Arabs who achieved the like of (good deeds) ‘Amir had done.”

Anas narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) reached Khaibar at night and it was his habit that whenever he reached the enemy at night, he will not attack them until it was morning. When it was morning, the Jews come out with their spades and baskets, and when they saw him they said, “Muhammad! By Allah! Muhammad and his army!” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Khaibar is destroyed, for whenever we approach a (hostile) nation (to fight), then evil will be the morning for those who have been warned.” Anas Ibn Malik aslo said that we reached Khaibar early in the morning and the inhabitants of Khaibar come out carrying their spades, and when they saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) they said, ‘Muhammad ! By Allah! Muhammad and his army!” the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Allahu-Akbar! Khaibar is destroyed, for whenever we approach a (hostile) nation (to fight) then evil will be the morning for those who have bee warned. “We then get the meat of donkeys and intended to eat it, but an announcement was mad by the announcer of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), “Allah and His Messenger forbid you to eat the meat of donkeys as it is impure thing.”

Then the inhabitants of Khaibar come out running on the roads. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had their warriors killed, their offspring and women taken as captives. Safiyah was amongst the captives. She first came in the share of Dahya Alkalibi but later on she belonged to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made her manumission as her Mahr (dowry).

Salama Ibn Al-Akwa narrated. “Ali remained behind the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) during the Ghazwah of Khaibar as he was suffering from eye trouble. He then said, ‘I remain behind the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).’ and followed him. So when he slept on the night of the conquest of Khaibar, the Prophet said, “I will give the flag tomorrow, or tomorrow the flag will be taken by a man who is loved by Allah and His Messenger, and Khaiba will be conquered through him, (with Allah’s help)” While every one of us was hopeful to have the flag it was said, “Hear is Ali, “and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave him the flag and Khaibar was conquered through him (with Allah’s help).”

Shall Ibn Sa’d said that on the day of Khaibar, Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) Said, “Tomorrow I will give this flag to a man through whose hands Allah will give us victory. He loves Allah and His Messenger, and he is loved by Allah and His Messenger. “The people reminded that night, wondering as to whom would be given it. In the morning, the people went to Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and every one of them was hopeful to receive it the flag. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Where is Ali Ibn Abi Talib?” It was said, “He is suffering from eye trouble O Allah’s Messenger.” He said, “Send for him.” Ali was brought and Allah’s Messenger spat in his eye and invoked good upon him. So Ali was cured as if he never had any trouble. Then the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave him the flag. Ali said “O Allah’s Messenger! I will fight with them until they become like us.” Allah Messenger said, ” Proceed and do not hurry. When you enter their territory, call them to embrace Islam and inform them of Allah’s Rights which they should observe, for by Allah, even if a single man is led on the right path (of Islam) by Allah through you, then that will be better for you than the nice red camels. ” Yazid Ibn Abi Ubaid said I was the trace of a wound in Salama’s leg. I said to him, “O Abu Muslim! What is this wound?” He said, “This was inflicted on me on the day of Khaibar and the People said, ‘Salama has been wounded.’ Then I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and he puffed his saliva in it the wound thrice, and since then I have not had any pain in it until this hour.’

The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), as Ibn Ishaq narrated, seized the property piece by piece and conquered the fort one by one he came to them. The first to fall was of Na’im; then Al-Qamus the fort of Banu Al-Huqayq. The Messenger took captives fro them among whom was Safiyah, daughter of Huyayy Ibn Aktab who had been the wife of Kinana Ibn Al-Rabi Ibn Al-Huqayq, and two cousins of hers. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) chose Safiyah for himself.

According to Ibn Ishaq, the tribe of Sahm of Aslam came to the Messenger and complained that they had fought and got nothing and found nothing whit the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) which he could give them. He said, “O God, you know their condition and that they have no strength, and I have nothing to give them, so conquer for them the wealthiest of the enemy’s forts with the richest foods. “The following day, Allah conquered the fort of Al-Sa’b Ibn Mu’adh which contained the richest food in Khaibar.

When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had conquered some of their forts and got possession of some of their property he came to their two forts Al-Watih and Al-Sulaim, the last to be taken, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) besieged them for some ten nights.

THE PROPHET MARRIES SAFIYAH BINT HAYAYY

Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) offered the Fajr Prayer near Khaibar when it was still dark and then said, “Allahu-Akbar! Khaibar is destroyed, for whenever we approach a (hostile) nation (to fight) then evil will be the morning for those who have bee warned.” Then the inhabitants of Khaibar came out running on the reads. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had their warriors killed, their offspring and woman taken as captives. Safiyah was amongst the captives. She first came in the share of Dahya Alkalibi but later on she belonged to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made her manumission as her Mahr. Anas Ibn Malik also narrated that we arrived at Khaibar, and when Allah helped His Messenger to open the fort, the beauty of Safiyah bint Huyayy Ibn Akhtab whose husband had been killed while she was a bride, was mentioned to Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) selected her for himself, and set out with her, and when we reached a place called Sidd-as-Sahba’, Safiyah become clean from her menses then Alla’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) married her. Hais (Arabian dish) was prepared on a small leather mat. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said to me, “I invite the people around you.” So that was the marriage banquet of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and Safiyah. Then we proceeded towards Medina, and I saw the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), making for her a kind of cushion with his cloak behind him (on his camel). He then sat beside his camel and put his knee for Safiyah to put her foot on, in order to ride (on the camel). Anas Ibn Malik said, “The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stayed with Safiyah bint Huyayy for three days on the way of Kahibar where he consummated his marriage with her. Safiyah was amongst those who were ordered to use a veil.”

In another narration, Anas said that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) stayed fro three nights between Khaibar and Medina and was married to Safiyah. I invited the Muslim to his marriage banquet and there was neither meat nor bread in that banquet but the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) ordered Bilal to spread the leather mats on which dates, dried yogurt and butter were put. The Muslims said amongst themselves, “Will she (Safiyah) be one of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) or just (a lady captive) of what his right-hand possesses.” Some of them said, “If the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) makes her observe the veil, then she will be one of the mothers of the believers (one of the Prophet’s wives), and if he dose not make her observe the veil, then she will be his lady slave.” So when he departed, he made a place for her behind him (on hid mount) and made her observe the veil.’

THE CONQUEST OF KHAIBAR FORTS

According to Ibn Ishaq, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) besieged the people of Khaibar in their two forts Al-Watih and Al-Sulaim until they could hold out no longer they asked him to let them go, and spare their lives, and he did so. Now, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had taken possession of all their property Al-Shaqq, Nata, and At-Katibah and all their forts except what appertained to these two. When the people of Fadak heard of waht had happened, they sent to the Messenger asking him to let them go and spare their lives and hey would leave him their property, and he did so. The one who acted as intermediary was Muhqyisa Ibn Mas’ud brother of Banu Harithah. When the people of Khaibar surrounded on these conditions they asked the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to employ them on the property with half share in the produce, saying, “We know more about it than you and we are better farmers.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) agreed to this arrangement on the condition that “If we wish to expel you we will expel you. “He made a similar arrangement with the men of Fadak.

THE DIVISION OF THE BOOTY

In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari reported the following narrations that explain how the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) divided the booty in Khaibar.

Jubair Ibn Mut’im said that Uthman Ibn Affan and I went to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and said, “You had given Banu Al-Muttalib form the fifth of Khaibar’s booty and left us in spite of the fact that we and Banu Al-Muttalib are similarly related to you.” The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Banu Hashi, and Banu Al-Muttalib only are one and the same.” So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) did not give anything to Banu Abd Shams and Banu Hawafl.

Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that on the day of Khaibar, Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) divided the war booty of Khaibar with the ratio of two shares for the horse and one-share of the foot soldier.

Nafi’ explained this saying, ‘If a man had a horse, he was given three shares and if he had no horse, then he was given one share.”

Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “By him in Whose Hand my soul is, were I not afraid that the other Muslims might be left in poverty, I would divide the land of whatever village I may conquer (among the fighters), as the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) divided the land of Khaibar. But I prefer to leave it as a (source of) a common treasury for them to distribute it revenue amongst themselves.” Abu Sa’id Al-Khudri and Abu Hurairah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that Allah’s Messenger appointed a man as the ruler of Khaibar who later brought some Janib (dates of good quality) to the Prophet. On that, Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said (to him). “Are all the dates of Khaibar like this?” He said, ‘No, by Allah, O Allah’s Messenger! But we take one Sa’ of these (dates of good quality) for two of three sa’s of other dates (of inferior quality).’ On that Allah’s Messenger said, “Do not do so, but first sell the inferior quality dates for money and then with that money, buy Janib. “

Abu Sa’id and Abu Huraihah said. ‘The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) made the brother of Banu Adi form the Ansar as the ruler of Khaibar.’

THE COMING OF JA’FAR IBN ANI TALIB FROM YEMEN

Al-Bukhari reported on the authority of Abu Musa (may Allah be pleased with him) that the later said, ” The news of the migration of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) from Mecca to Medina reached us while we were in Yemen. So we set out as emigrants towards him. We were (three) I am and my two brothers. I was the youngest of them and one of the two was Abu Burda, and the other, Abu Ruham, and out total number was either 53 or 52 men from my people. We got on board a boat and our boat took us to Negus in Ethiopia. There we met Ja’far Ibn Abi Talib and stayed with him. Then we all come to Medina and met the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) at the time of the conquest of Khaibar. Some of the people used to say to us, namely the people of the ship, ‘We have migrated before you.’

Amsa’ bint Umais, who was one of those who had come with us, came as a visitor to Hafsah, the wife the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). She had migrated along with those other Muslims who migrated to Negus. Umar came to Hafsah while Asma bit Umais was with her. Umar, on seeing Asma’, Umar said, ‘Who is this?’ She said, ‘Asma bint Umais.’ Umar said, ‘Is she the Ethiopian?’ Is she the sea-faring lady?’ Asma replied, ‘Yes’ Umar said, ‘We have migrated before you, so we have got more right than you over Allah’s Messenger. ‘On that Asma’ became angry and said, ‘No, by Allah, while you were with Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) who was feeding the hungry ones amongst you, and advised the ignorant ones amongst you, we were in the far-off hated land of Ethiopia, and all that was for the sake of Allah and His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). By Allah, I will neither eat any food nor drink anything until Inform Allah’s Messenger of all that you have said. There we were harmed and frightened. I will mention this to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and will not tell a lie or curtail your saying or add something to it.’

So, when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) came, she said, ‘O Allah’s Prophet! Umar had said such-and-such.’ He said, (to Asma), “What did you say to him?” Amsa said, I told him such-and-such.’ The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him)said, “He has not got more right than your people over me, as he and his companions have (the reward of) only one migration, and you, the people of the boat, have (the reward of) two migrations.” Asma later on, said, ‘I saw Abu Musa and the other people of the boat coming to me in successive groups, asking me about this narration, and to them nothing in the world was more cheerful and greater than what the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) had said about them.’

Abu Burda narrated that Asma said. ‘I saw Abu Musa requesting me to repeat this narration again and again.’ Abu Burda also narrated that Abu Musa said, ‘The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said,

“I recognize the voice of the group of Al-Ash’ariyum, when they recite the Qur’an, when they enter their homes at night, and I recognize their houses by (listening) to their voices when they are reciting the Qur’an at night although I have not seen their houses when they came to them during the daytime. Amongst them is Hakim who, on meeting the cavalry or the enemy, used to say to them. ‘My companions order you to wait for them.”

Abu Musa reported, ‘We came upon the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) after he had conquest khaibar. He then gave us a share (from the booty), but apart from us he did not give to anybody else who did not attend the Conquest’.

A POISONED SHEEP GIFTED TO THE MESSANGER

At khaibar, the Jews cooked a sheep containing poison presented it the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). In his Sahih, Al-Bukhari narrated Abu Hurairah’s saying: When Khaibar was conquered; a (cooked) sheep containing poison was given as present to Allah’s Messenger (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said, “the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in his aliment in which he died, used to say,

“O Aishah! I still feel the pain caused by the food I ate at Khaibar, and at this time, I feel as if my aorta is being cit from that poison.”

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